Human error - a fragile chain of contributing elements

It is commonly agreed in the shipping industry that close to 80% of accidents are rooted in human error. The trend also indicates that there are fewer accidents caused by technical failure of a piece of equipment, and an increasing number that can be explained by human error.

The problem is complex; human error may very well be due to an error in design, improper follow-up of the building process, or lack of proper routines on board. Some studies also indicate that a majority of the accidents due to human error may be traced back to factors where the ship’s management has a strong influence, and in some cases direct control.

When establishing the cause of an accident, any approach focusing solely on the personnel on board will reduce the possibility of identifying the underlying cause. There must also be some focus on errors in design, poor ergonomics and technical solutions, and routines and procedures incorrectly implemented.

It is at the design and build stages that future accidents can be prevented with the least costs involved, and with the most long-lasting solutions. Gard believes that a strong focus on design and optimal technical solutions, and on ergonomic solutions during the building phase, is fundamental in the prevention of future accidents. Some ship owners out-source construction management completely, whilst others believe in in-house site teams, close cooperation with the shipbuilder, and a continuous improve- ment of the design. The latter approach is probably the natural follow-up to a carefully organised design phase.

Ships and ship operations are becoming more and more sophisticated. New and advanced equipment is introduced on board, vessel speed and size is increasing, and advanced methods of operation are developed. In this context, selection of crew, familiarisation, advanced training, and a continuous focus on the correct implementation of procedures becomes vital for the safe operation of the vessel, as well as for the company’s competitive edge. Gard has therefore supported a number of projects where new and advanced training methods have been developed, and will continue to do so in the future.